CNR-ISAC investigates the interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and human activities through an integrated approach combining observations, advanced climate modelling, and technological innovation. Its research spans climate variability and change, extreme weather and climate events, aerosols and trace gases, and the impacts of climate and pollution on human health, the environment, and cultural and natural heritage. CNR-ISAC develops and applies state-of-the-art climate models and tools to improve understanding and prediction of the Earth system and to support climate adaptation, risk mitigation, and environmental policies. It is a major contributor to the EC-Earth consortium and partner of Destination Earth’s Climate Adaptation Digital Twin.